From 9 to 20 November, Turkey is hosting COP 31. Leaders and decision-makers from around the world are expected to attend this annual climate summit in the seaside resort of Antalya. Against a backdrop of the climate emergency and high trade and geopolitical tensions, including the partial blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, no major decisions are expected. Australia and Turkey, which are co-chairing this COP, nevertheless aim to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and set a target for electrification to account for 35 per cent of global energy demand by 2035, up from 23 per cent today.

As for the target set by the 2015 Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C, the United Nations Environment Programme states in its latest report that it is now obsolete due to countries’ inability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

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